One-step preparation of MoOx/ZnS/ZnO composite and its excellent performance in piezocatalytic degradation of Rhodamine B under ultrasonic vibration

This paper synthesized a new type of ternary piezoelectric catalyst MoO_x/ZnS/ZnO (MZZ)by a one-step method.The catalytic degradation of Rhodamine B (RhB) solution (10μg/g,pH=7.0) shows that the composite catalyst has excellent piezoelectric catalytic activity under ultrasonic vibration (40 k Hz).The piezoelectric degradation rate of the optimal sample reached 0.054 min^-1,which was about 2.5 times that of pure ZnO.X-ray diffraction(XRD),X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS)...     

低温湿式化学法制备ZnO纳米棒阵列膜及其光催化活性研究

采用一种简单的低温湿式化学方法,即将预处理好的锌片直接放人5%甲酰胺水溶液中,在65℃烘箱中加热24 h,在锌片基底上成功制备出了大面积具有良好取向的ZnO纳米棒阵列.用XRD、SEM、DRs、PL等测试手段对其进行了表征.研究结果表明,ZnO纳米棒是六方钎锌矿晶,与基底垂直,具有沿(002)晶面择优生长的特征.另外,该阵列薄膜在379 nm附近发出强荧光,禁带宽度为Eg=3.28 eV.以自镇流高压汞灯为光源、以ZnO纳米棒为催化剂处理水中的甲基橙.结果显示,ZnO纳米棒的光催化反应为一级反应,表观速率常数与甲基橙的初始浓度有关.     

水热反应时间对氧化锌半导体材料吸波性能的影响

目的研究水热反应时间对氧化锌吸波性能的影响,以获得高性能吸波材料。方法通过控制水热反应时间,制备不同形貌的氧化锌半导体材料,并采用XRD、SEM、TEM等表征手段,分析水热反应时间对氧化锌半导体材料形貌及结构的影响。利用矢量网络分析仪测定该材料在2~18 GHz频率范围内的相对复介电常数和复磁导率,采用MATLAB模拟分析不同厚度下水热反应时间对氧化锌半导体材料吸波机制及吸波性能的影响。结果当水热反应时间为12 h时,氧化锌在高频率处可达到较好的吸波效果,最大回波损耗可达?52.86 dB。结论通过控制水热反应时间,可实现对氧化锌的形貌进行调控,进而得到吸波性能优异的氧化锌吸波材料。     

Enhanced photocatalytic degradation of lindane using metal–semiconductor Zn@ZnO and ZnO/Ag nanostructures

To achieve enhanced photocatalytic activity for the degradation of lindane, we prepared metal–semiconductor composite nanoparticles (NPs). Zn@ZnO core–shell (CS) nanocomposites, calcined ZnO, and Ag-doped ZnO (ZnO/Ag) nanostructures were prepared using pulsed laser ablation in liquid, calcination, and photodeposition methods, respectively, without using surfactants or catalysts. The as-prepared catalysts were characterized by using X-ray diffraction (XRD), field-emission scanning electron microscopy, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, ultraviolet–visible (UV–vis) spectroscopy, and photoluminescence spectroscopy. In addition, elemental analysis was performed by energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The obtained XRD and morphology results indicated good dispersion of Zn and Ag NPs on the surface of the ZnO nanostructures. Investigation of the photocatalytic degradation of lindane under UV–vis irradiation showed that Zn@ZnO CS nanocomposites exhibit higher photocatalytic activity than the other prepared samples. The maximum degradation rate of lindane was 99.5% in 40 min using Zn@ZnO CS nanocomposites. The radical trapping experiments verified that the hydroxyl radical (·OH) was the main reactive species for the degradation of lindane.     

金银合金纳米颗粒的可控合成及其光催化性能

以果糖为还原剂和表面活性剂,可控合成了平均粒径小于14.6nm的金银（Au-Ag）合金纳米颗粒.基于一步法,改变合成时间（1~8min）,Au-Ag合金纳米颗粒的成分及其表面等离子共振（SPR）波长被连续调控.采用UV-Vis、EDX、ICP、XPS、TEM、HR-TEM和SAED等分析手段对Au-Ag合金纳米颗粒进行表征,发现制备的合金纳米颗粒具有均匀的成分和合金结构.由于Au、Ag两元素的协同作用,Au-Ag合金纳米颗粒在4-硝基苯酚的光催化降解反应中表现出了优异的光催化活性和稳定性.除了改变Au-Ag合金纳米颗粒的添加量,光催化反应的动力学速率常数还可通过改变合金成分来线性调节.基于可控合成,动力学速率常数甚至可通过Au-Ag合金纳米颗粒的合成时间来线性调控.上述控制动力学速率常数的方法可为其他的光催化反应提供参考.     

废催化剂再生后对甲基橙的吸附动力学研究

废催化剂为生产醋酸乙烯过程中产生的废弃物,经过热处理直接得到ZnO／活性炭。以ZnO／活性炭为吸附剂,进行了吸附水溶液中甲基橙（MO）实验,在优化条件下,实验浓度范围内甲基橙溶液的吸附去除率均高于97％,表明ZnO／活性炭适于吸附甲基橙。采用准二级动力学模型和粒子内扩散模型研究ZnO／活性炭对水溶液中甲基橙的吸附动力学,并计算得到动力学参数和相关系数。结果表明,两种模型较好地描述了实验数据,其吸附过程的速率控制步骤为膜扩散控制,并随溶液初始浓度的增加准二级速率常数降低,面内扩散速率常数增加。     

潮河流域非点源污染控制关键因子识别及分区

将GIS技术、ArcSWAT模型与分析技术相结合,以农耕养殖程度较高的北京密云水库上游潮河流域为研究区,通过对流域近20年非点源污染负荷时空变异情况进行模拟,识别影响非点源污染流失的关键因子,进行非点源污染控制区划.结果表明,总氮和总磷年均负荷量分别为563.3,28.7t/a,氮磷负荷空间分布特征表现为:丰水年以地势较高且农业耕作活动频繁区域为主,平水年和枯水年表现为靠近河道的农业用地与畜禽养殖区为主.采用多因素方差分析11种不同因素对流域非点源污染负荷的影响程度表明,施肥量是影响氮磷输出的最主要的因子,坡长、土壤类型、土地利用方式及坡度是影响氮磷输出的次重要因子;针对潮河流域长期传统耕作以及化肥过量施用的现状,土壤有机磷的含量也会对总磷的输出产生一定的影响.潮河流域可划分为3个污染控制区,第1类:污染控制区(以近河道耕种区为主,面积186.74km²),第2类:污染治理区(农村生活及畜禽养殖区为主,面积23.09km²),第3类:生态修复区(高坡度强降雨区为主,面积1365.25km²).该研究结果可有效提升流域非点源污染治理的效率,为水源地流域环境保护提供参考.     

纳米ZnO对斑马鱼胚胎抗氧化酶系统的影响

为评价纳米ZnO的水生态毒性,以斑马鱼胚胎为受试生物,研究了纳米ZnO对其抗氧化酶系统的影响.结果发现,纳米ZnO能够降低斑马鱼胚胎谷胱甘肽(GSH)含量,抑制过氧化氢酶(CAT)和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性,引起胚胎脂质过氧化水平增大,证明氧化应激是纳米ZnO抑制斑马鱼胚胎孵化的作用机制之一.     

Effects of Zn and ZnO nanoparticles and Zn2+ on soil enzyme activity and bioaccumulation of Zn in Cucumis sativus

The increased production and commercial use of nanoparticles (NPs), combined with a lack of regulation regarding their disposal, may result in the unwanted introduction of NPs to soils. In this study, the toxicity on soil enzyme activity and growth of Cucumis sativus treated with Zn or ZnO NPs was evaluated in pot soils. Specifically, C. sativus was cultivated in soils treated with Zn NPs, ZnO NPs or Zn²⁺ for eight weeks, after which the treatment effects on biomass and bioaccumulation were evaluated. In addition, the treatment effects on soil dehydrogenase, β -glucosidase and acid phosphatase were investigated. Soil enzyme activities were influenced by all treatments, with an especially large decrease in dehydrogenase activity in response to Zn²⁺ treatment. Biomass and root length also decreased in response to Zn²⁺ treatment. Finally, the Zn contents of C. sativus were much lower in the Zn NP and ZnO NP treatment groups than in the Zn²⁺ treatment group. Therefore, toxicity on soil microbial activity may have a greater influence than phytotoxicity due to immobilisation and aggregation of NPs in the soil.     

Eu掺杂ZnO光催化剂降解制药废水

以醋酸锌(Zn(CH3COO)2)和六水合硝酸铕(Eu(NO3)3·6H2O)为主要原料,氢氧化钠(Na OH)为沉淀剂,聚乙二醇(PEG2000)为矿化剂,柠檬酸为p H调节剂,采用水热法制备Eu掺杂Zn O复合纳米棒光催化材料粉体。用制备的粉体对制药废水进行光催化降解实验,并研究了反应温度、反应时间、光照条件和掺杂比对其光催化氧化效果的影响。用XRD、TEM和EDS等测试手段对粉体进行了表征。研究结果表明,水热反应温度为160℃,时间为6 h,制备的3%Eu掺杂Zn O复合纳米棒光催化材料的光催化效果较好,在365 nm的紫外灯照射下150 min后,制药废水的脱色率达38.8%,COD的降解率达57.5%。